Der Bundesgerichtshof (BGH) stellte mit Urteil vom 18. April 2024 (Az. IX ZR 129/22) erneut klar, dass externe Darlehensgeber wie Banken unter bestimmten Umständen insolvenzrechtlich wie Gesellschafter behandelt werden können – insbesondere dann, wenn ihnen durch vertragliche Regelungen wie Ergebnisbeteiligung und Investitionsvorbehalt eine mitgliedschaftsähnliche Stellung eingeräumt wird.

In its ruling of April 18, 2024 (case no. IX ZR 129/22), the Federal Court of Justice (BGH) once again clarified that external lenders such as banks can be treated as shareholders under insolvency law under certain circumstances – especially if they are granted a position similar to that of a member through contractual provisions such as profit participation and investment reservation.

The German Federal Court of Justice (the Federal Court) has considered whether a so-called "weak" preliminary insolvency administrator, entrusted to continue business operations with the management during the preliminary proceeding, may take actions in the interest of these operations, where it is unclear whether the debtor has discontinued the business.

Background

This overview includes case law since mid-2022 and provides an overview of legal amendments that have a practical impact on national and international contracts.

Insolvency-based rescission clauses

Weiß ein Forderungsverkäufer von der Zahlungsunfähigkeit seines Schuldners, muss sich der Factor diese Kenntnis im Rahmen eines echten Factorings nicht allein deshalb zurechnen lassen, weil der Factoringvertrag Informations- und Unterstützungspflichten des Forderungsverkäufers vorsieht.

Überblick

In a recent case before the Federal Court of Justice, an insolvency administrator was found to have neglected his duties of investigation in a particularly serious and reproachable manner.

Decision

The insolvency administrator had contested the offsetting of an investment subsidy by the creditor bank to balance the debtor’s accounts.

The focus of the decision was whether the insolvency administrator had made the contestation claim within the statutory limitation period. In Germany, this is usually three years and starts:

As the festive season approaches, it is time to take stock of the three 2023 most important decisions of the German Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof, BGH) on claw-back issues in insolvency.

December 2023

The Right of Set-off in Insolvency Proceedings

MAYER BROWN | THE RIGHT OF SET-OFF IN INSOLVENCY PROCEEDINGS

The Federal Court of Justice has lowered the threshold for the approval of an insolvency plan by the insolvency court.

Background

In September 2023, the insolvency administrator of the insolvent Wirecard AG began reclaiming dividend distributions for 2017 and 2018 from shareholders. This is following a judgment of the Federal Court of Justice (BGH) in March 2023 (BGH judgment of March 30, 2023 – IX ZR 121/22). In that judgment the BGH ruled that in the event of a company’s insolvency, the insolvency administrator can demand back dividend payments made to shareholders for up to four years pursuant to section 134 (1) of the Insolvency Code (InsO).